Strategic Report · Pakistan
GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN PAKISTAN Causes, Consequences, Legal Challenges, and the Path Forward
Gender-based violence (GBV) remains one of the most pervasive and under-addressed human rights crises in Pakistan. According to the Sustainable Social Development Organization (SSDO), 32,617 cases of GBV were formally recorded in 2024 alone — encompassing rape, honor killings, domestic violence, and kidnapping — yet this figure represents only a fraction of actual incidents, as cultural stigma, institutional failures, and structural inequalities suppress reporting. This article provides a comprehensive, evidence-based analysis of GBV in Pakistan, examining its many manifestations, root causes, legal landscape, and societal impact. Drawing on data from UN Women, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, the SSDO, the Aurat Foundation, and the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), it argues that while legislative progress has been made over the past two decades, meaningful protection for survivors requires systemic reform across policing, the judiciary, education, and civil society engagement.